Nways Multiprotocol Access Services
Protocol Configuration and Monitoring
Reference Version 3.3 Volume 2

Configuring and Monitoring Protocol Independent Multicast Routing Protocol (PIM)

Configuration for PIM is done for each interface. This chapter describes how to use the PIM configuration and operating commands and includes the following sections:

"Accessing the PIM Configuration Environment"
"PIM Configuration Commands"
"Accessing the PIM Monitoring Environment"
"PIM Monitoring Commands"

Accessing the PIM Configuration Environment

Use the following procedure to access the PIM configuration process.

At the OPCON prompt, enter talk 6. (For more detail on this command, refer to "The OPCON Process and Commands" in Nways Multiprotocol Access Services Software User's Guide.) For example:
```
    * talk 6
    Config> 
```
After you enter the talk 6 command, the CONFIG prompt (Config>) displays on the terminal. If the prompt does not appear when you first enter configuration, press Return again.
At the CONFIG prompt, enter the p pim command to get to the PIM6 Config> prompt.

PIM Configuration Commands

To configure PIM, enter the commands at the PIM6 Config> prompt.

Table 73. PIM Configuration Command Summary

Command Function
? (Help) Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available). See "Getting Help".
delete Deletes a PIM interface.
disable Disables PIM on the device.
enable Enables PIM on the device and sets global PIM default configuration values.
list Lists the configuration.
set Sets PIM configuration parameter values.
Exit Returns you to the previous command level. See "Exiting a Lower Level Environment".

Command	Function
? (Help)	Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available). See "Getting Help".
delete	Deletes a PIM interface.
disable	Disables PIM on the device.
enable	Enables PIM on the device and sets global PIM default configuration values.
list	Lists the configuration.
set	Sets PIM configuration parameter values.
Exit	Returns you to the previous command level. See "Exiting a Lower Level Environment".

Delete

Use the delete command to remove a configured PIM interface.

Syntax:

delete: interfaceaddr

Interface address

Example:

PIM6 Config> delete
 Interface address []?

Disable

Use the disable command to disable PIM on the device.

Syntax:

disable

Enable

Use the enable command to enable PIM on the device and set global PIM default configuration values.

Syntax:

enable

List

Use the list command to display the PIM configuration.

Syntax:

list: all
: interface
: preference
: variables

all

Displays all PIM configuration information.

interface

Displays PIM configuration information about the currently configured interfaces.

Example:

PIM config>list i
 
                                                 Hello         State
     Type              IP Address               Interval      Holdtime
     Physical          1:2:3:4:5::101              30           210

Type: Identifies the type of interface that is configured.
IP address: Identifies the IPv6 address assigned to this interface.
Hello Interval: Identifies the interval between hello messages, in seconds, sent on this interface.
State holdtime: Identifies the number of seconds to tell other devices upstream to hold PIM state for this device. For PIM, this is the amount of time for upstream devices to keep prunes alive.

variables

Displays configuration information about global PIM variables.

Example:

PIM config>list v
 
          PIM Global Configuration Values
 
                PIM:  on
 
                  Graft Timeout:       3 seconds
                  Assert Timeout:    210 seconds
PIM config>

PIM: on/off: Identifies whether PIM is currently enabled or disabled.
Graft timeout: Identifies the number of seconds that grafts are retransmitted if no graft acknowledgement has been received.
Assert timeout: Identifies the number of seconds that assert information learned by upstream devices is retained before reverting back to local routing information.

preference

Displays current configured routing type metric preferences.

Example:

PIM config>list p
 
     RIP        FFFF         Default     FFFF
     Direct     FFFF         Fixed       FFFF
     Filter     FFFF
PIM config>

Route type: Identifies the route type supported and lists a hexadecimal value displaying the currently configured metric preference.

Set

Use the set command to change PIM configuration parameter values. You can use this command to add a new physical interface.

Syntax:

set: interface interfaceaddress helloperiod joinpruneholdtime
: preference routetype preferencevalue
: variables

interface

Example:

PIM config>set interface
Interface address []?
Hello period [30]?
Join Prune Hold Time [210]?

Interface address

Valid Values: Any valid IPv6 address

Default Value: None

Hello period

Specifies the number of seconds between Hello messages. On point-to-point interfaces, this value is ignored. Once the 2216 establishes adjacency, Hello messages are silenced.

Valid Values: 1 - 65535

Default Value: 30

Join prune hold time

Controls messages to inform the receiving device on how long (in seconds) to hold the state activated by the message. Prunes sent to the device remain active for this number of seconds.

Valid Values: 1 - 65535

Default Value: 210

preference routetype

This is a configured metric preference to be used in the assert process. It allows the user to selectively select which unicast route types in the unicast forwarding tables has precedence over other route types. It is of local significance only, meaning it is used for this device and all its attached PIM activated interfaces. This can be used if several unicast routing protocols are in use by this router, adjacent routers are running different routing protocols, or route types, such as default routes, are desired over learned routes.

Routetype can specify the following route types:

rip
direct
fixed
default
filter

Example:

PIM Config> set preference rip
RIP Metric Preference (hex) [FFFF]?

Metric Preference

This value is sent to other routers in the assert process during duplicate multicast forwarding detection and is used with route metric costs to determine which router should be the forwarding router. All metric preferences are initially set to X'FFFF'.

Valid Values: A 4-digit hexadecimal value

Default Value: X'FFFF'

variables cache_life

Example:

PIM config>set v cache_life
Mcfwd cache Holdtime [60]

Mcfwd cache holdtime

Specifies the amount of time in seconds that a multicast forwarding entry which has not been used to forward any multicast datagrams will be allowed to exist in the multicast forwarding cache before it is removed.

Valid Values: A numeric value greater than 0

Default Value: 60

variables assert_tout

Example:

PIM config>set v assert_tout
PIM Assert Time Out [210]

Assert time out

The amount of time in seconds that downstream routers will save assert information received from two or more asserting upstream routers. Assert information is used to ensure the downstream routers understand who the correct upstream router is, or forwarding router, so that PIM messages may be sent to the correct router. If no further asserts are received before the assert time has expired, the assert information is discarded and the router uses local information in the unicast routing tables to determine the correct upstream forwarding router.

Valid Values: 1 - 65535

Default Value: 210

variables graft_tout

Example:

PIM config>set v graft_tout
PIM Graft Time Out [3]

Graft time out

Specifies the number of seconds that the device that has sent a graft message, but has received no acknowledgement, will wait before sending another message.

Valid Values: 1 - 65535

Default Value: 3

Accessing the PIM Monitoring Environment

Use the following procedure to access the PIM monitoring commands. This process gives you access to the PIM monitoring process.

At the OPCON prompt, enter talk 5. (For more detail on this command, refer to The OPCON Process and Commands in the Nways Multiprotocol Access Services Software User's Guide.) For example:
```
    * talk 5
    +
```
After you enter the talk 5 command, the GWCON prompt (+) displays on the terminal. If the prompt does not appear when you first enter configuration, press Return again.
At the + prompt, enter the p pim command to get you to the PIM6> prompt.
Example:
```
    + p pim
    PIM> 
```

PIM Monitoring Commands

This section describes the PIM monitoring commands.

Table 74. PIM Monitoring Command Summary

Command Function
? (Help) Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available). See "Getting Help".
dump Displays routing tables.
clear Clears the multicast forwarding table.
interface Displays the status of the interface.
join Joins a multicast group.
leave Leaves a multicast group.
mcache Displays currently active multicast forwarding table cache entries.
mgroups Displays group membership of the device's attached interfaces.
mstats Displays various multicast routing statistics.
neighbor Displays information about current adjacencies.
pim Displays the PIM state database.
summary pim Displays a summary of the PIM state database.
ping Dynamically pings an IPv6 address.
reset Dynamically resets PIM.
traceroute Dynamically traces a route.
variables Displays the configuration values for PIM variables.
Exit Returns you to the previous command level. See "Exiting a Lower Level Environment".

Command	Function
? (Help)	Displays all the commands available for this command level or lists the options for specific commands (if available). See "Getting Help".
dump	Displays routing tables.
clear	Clears the multicast forwarding table.
interface	Displays the status of the interface.
join	Joins a multicast group.
leave	Leaves a multicast group.
mcache	Displays currently active multicast forwarding table cache entries.
mgroups	Displays group membership of the device's attached interfaces.
mstats	Displays various multicast routing statistics.
neighbor	Displays information about current adjacencies.
pim	Displays the PIM state database.
summary pim	Displays a summary of the PIM state database.
ping	Dynamically pings an IPv6 address.
reset	Dynamically resets PIM.
traceroute	Dynamically traces a route.
variables	Displays the configuration values for PIM variables.
Exit	Returns you to the previous command level. See "Exiting a Lower Level Environment".

Dump routing tables

Use the dump command to display the configured routing tables.

Syntax:

dump

Example:

PIM6>dump
Type   Dest net/Prefix            Cost     Age       Next hop(s)
 
Fltr   ::102:304/128                 0     576       filter
Stat*  1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8/128         100     576       IP64/0
Stat*  3::4/128                      1     576       IP64/1
 
IPv6 Routing table size: 768 nets (79872 bytes), 3 nets known
                         0 nets hidden, 0 nets deleted, 0 nets inactive
                         0 routes used internally, 765 routes free
PIM6>

Clear

Use the clear command to reset the cache.

Syntax:

clear

Example:

PIM6>clear
 
Mfwd Cache has been cleared!
 
PIM6>

Interface

Use the interface command to display a summary of the statistics and parameters related to the interface.

Syntax:

interface

Example:

PIM6>interface
PIM Interface Table
                                            Hello     State
IP Address                                 Interval  Holdtime  Status   Type
1:2:3:4:5:6::101                              30        210    up       TKR/0
1:2:5:6:7::102                                30        210    up       TKR/1
PIM6>

IP address

Specifies the IP address of the interface.

Hello interval

Specifies the number of seconds between hello messages on this interface.

State holdtime

Specifies the number of seconds upstream devices are informed to hold state information before discarding. For PIM, this is the number of seconds a prune is active upstream.

Status

Specifies the current status of the interface.

up: The interface is up and fully operational, but does not generate the mld queries.
disabled: The interface is operational but is disabled and PIM is not active.
down: The interface is not operational.

Join

Use the join command to join a multicast group.

Syntax:

join

Example:

PIM6>join ff05:42::101

Leave

Use the leave command to leave a multicast group. This prevents the device from responding to pings and SNMP queries sent to the group address.

Syntax:

leave

Example:

PIM6>leave ff05:42::101

Mcache

Use the mcache command to display a list of currently active multicast cache entries. Multicast cache entries are built on demand, whenever the first matching multicast datagram is received. There is a separate cache entry (and therefore a separate route) for each datagram source network and destination group combination.

Syntax:

mcache

Example:

PIM6>mcache
 
        0: TKR/0           1: TKR/1           2: TKR/2
        3: IPPN/0          4: BDG/0           5: Internal
 
 
                                        Prot   Count   Upstr   Downstream
0:1:2::
 FF05:42::101                           PIM6   8       0       1,2
3:4:22::
 FF05:42::102                           PIM6   8       1       0
3:12:2::
 FF05:33:4::120                         PIM6   25      0       2
PIM6>

Prot: Specifies the owning protocol of the multicast forwarding table entry.
Count: Displays the number of multicast packets received for this multicast forwarding table entry.
Upstr: Displays the neighboring network or router from which the datagram must be received in order to be forwarded.
Downstream: Displays the total number of downstream interfaces or neighbors to which the datagram will be forwarded.

Mgroup

Use the mgroup command to display the group membership of the device's attached interfaces. Only the group membership for those interfaces on which the router is either designated router or backup designated router are displayed.

Syntax:

mgroup

Example:

PIM6>mgroup
 
           Local Group Database
Group                                   Interface              Lifetime (secs)
 
FF05:42::101                           1:2:3:4::25 (TRK/0)     176
FF05:4:23::122                         23:2:113::45:23 (Eth/1) 170
FF05:4:23::122                         Internal                1
PIM6>

Group: Displays the group address as it has been reported (via MLD) on a particular interface.
Interface: Displays the interface address to which the group address has been reported (via MLD). The router's internal group membership is indicated by a value of internal. For these entries, the lifetime field (see below) indicates the number of applications that have requested membership in the particular group.
Lifetime: Displays the number of seconds that the entry will persist if Membership Reports cease to be heard on the interface for the given group.

Mstats

Use the mstats command to display various multicast routing statistics. The command indicates whether multicast routing is enabled and whether the router is an inter-area and/or inter-AS multicast forwarder.

Syntax:

mstats

Example:

PIM6>mstats
 
Datagrams received:           2496
Datagrams fwd (multicast):       0  Datagrams fwd (unicast):   0
Locally delivered:               0
Unreachable source:              3  Unallocated cache entries: 0
Off multicast tree:              0  Unexpected DL multicast:   0
Buffer alloc failure:            0  TTL scoping:               0
 
# fwd cache alloc:               1  # fwd cache freed:         0
#fwd cache GC:                   0  # local group DB alloc:    0
#local group DB free:            1
 
PIM6>

Datagrams received: Displays the number of multicast datagrams received by the router.
Datagrams fwd (multicast): Displays the number of datagrams that have been forwarded as data-link multicasts (this includes packet replications, when necessary, so this count could very well be greater than the number received).
Datagrams fwd (unicast): Displays the number of datagrams that have been forwarded as data-link unicasts.
Locally delivered: Displays the number of datagrams that have been forwarded to internal applications.
Unreachable source: Displays a count of those datagrams whose source address was unreachable.
Unallocated cache entries: Displays a count of those datagrams whose cache entries could not be created due to resource shortages.
Off multicast tree: Displays a count of those datagrams that were not forwarded either because there was no upstream neighbor or no downstream interfaces/neighbors in the matching cache entry.
Unexpected DL multicast: Displays a count of those datagrams that were received as data-link multicasts on those interfaces that have been configured for data-link unicast.
Buffer alloc failure: Displays a count of those datagrams that could not be replicated because of buffer shortages.
TTL scoping: Indicates those datagrams that were not forwarded because their TTL indicated that they could never reach a group member.
#fwd cache alloc: Indicates the number of cache entries allocated. The current forwarding cache size is the number of entries allocated (# fwd cache alloc) minus the number of cache entries freed (# fwd cache freed).
#fwd cache freed: Indicates the number of cache entries freed. The current forwarding cache size is the number of entries allocated (# fwd cache alloc) minus the number of cache entries freed (# fwd cache freed).
#fwd cache GC: Indicates the number of cache entries were cleared because they were not recently used and the cache overflowed.
#local group DB alloc: Indicates the number of local group database entries allocated. The number allocated (# local group DB alloc) minus the number freed (# local group DB free) equals the current size of the local group database.
#local group DB free: Indicates the number of local group database entires freed. The number allocated (# local group DB alloc) minus the number freed (# local group DB free) equals the current size of the local group database.

Neighbor

Use the neighbor command to display information about neighbor PIM devices and their adjacency status.

Syntax:

neighbors

Example:

PIM6>neighbor
PIM Neighbor Listing
 
                                                    Last     First
Neighbor Addr                                 DR    Heard    Heard    Ifc
9:4:3:101:2::123                              NO    21       6139     Tkr/0
23:2:45:2::12:3:111                           YES   29       6204     Tkr/1
PIM6>

Neighbor Addr: Identifies if this router has identified the neighbor as the designated router.
DR: Identifies if this router has identified the neighbor as the designated router.
Last Heard: The number of seconds since last heard from the neighbor.
First Heard: The total number of seconds since the adjacency was first established to this neighbor.
Ifc: The interface that the neighbor was discovered on.

PIM

Use the pim command to display the PIM state database.

Syntax:

pim

Example:

PIM6>pim
                 PIM State Database
                  ------------------
  1)     Group:  FF05:2:3::121
  1)    Source:  9:1:2:3::12:101
  1) Interface:  1 - PRUNE  Lifetime (sec): 210
 
  2)     Group:  FF05:2:3::121
  2)    Source:  9:1:2:3::12:101
  2) Interface:  1 - PRUNE  Lifetime (sec): 210
PIM6>

Group: The destination group address associated with the entry.
Source: The source address of the originator of the multicast datagram.
Interface: The PIM interface number and the type of PIM state in the database.
Lifetime: The total lifetime, in seconds, of the state received, obtained from the PIM control message that set up the state.

Summary PIM

Use the summary pim command to display summary information about the PIM state database.

Syntax:

summary pim

Example:

PIM6>s
 
             Summary PIM State Database
              --------------------------
0)     Group:  FF05:2:3::121
0)    Source:  9:1:2:3::12:101
0)    States:  1-P  2-P
 
PIM6>

Group: The destination group address associated with the entry.
Source: The source address of the originator of the multicast datagram.
States: Displays the interfaces and states associated to the source group pair. P identifies a prune state.

Ping

Use the ping command to dynamically ping another destination IPv6 address.

Syntax:

ping

Example:

PIM6>ping
Destination IPv6 address [::]? 8::9
Source IPv6 Address [1::8]?
Ping data size in bytes [56]?
Ping TTL [64]?
Ping rate in seconds [1]?
PING6 1::8 -> 8::9: 56 data bytes, ttl=64, every 1 sec.
 
----8::9 PING6 Statistics----
36 packets transmitted, 36 packets received

See "Ping6" for a description of the parameters.

Reset

Use the reset command to reset PIM and reload the configuration.

Syntax:

reset

Example:

PIM6>reset

Traceroute

Use the traceroute command to dynamically trace a route.

Syntax:

traceroute

Example:

IPv6>traceroute
Destination IPv6 address []? 7::8
Source IPv6 address []? 6::9
Data size in bytes [56]?
Number of probes per hop [3]?
Wait time between retries in seconds [3]?
Maximum TTL [32]?
TRACEROUTE6 7::8: 56 data bytes
 1 * * * *
IPv6>

See "Traceroute6" for a description of the parameters.

Variables

Use the variables command to display information about the PIM configuration variables.

Syntax:

variables

Example:

PIM6>v
 
   PIM: on
 
          Graft Timeout:      3 seconds
         Assert Timeout:    210 seconds
 
PIM Unicast Metric Preferences (hex)
RIP        FFFF          Default    FFFF
Direct     FFFF          Fixed      FFFF
Filter     FFFF
 
PIM6>

PIM: on/off: This indicates whether PIM-DM is currently enabled or disabled.
Graft Timeout: The number of seconds that grafts are retransmitted if no graft acknowledgement has been received.
Assert Timeout: The number of seconds that assert information learned by upstream routers is retained before reverting back to local routing information.
PIM Unicast Metric Preferences: Displays current configured routing type metric preferences. Each route type supported is listed with a hex value displaying the currently configured metric preference.

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Nways Multiprotocol Access Services Protocol Configuration and Monitoring Reference Version 3.3 Volume 2

Nways Multiprotocol Access Services
Protocol Configuration and Monitoring
Reference Version 3.3 Volume 2